Process of and apparatus for mixing glucose with cane-sugar



(No Model.)

. S. M. LILLIE.

JPPROGESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MIXING GLUCOSE WITH CANE SUGAR. No.250,084. Patented Nov. 29,1881. Fig- W TNESSES: l/WEA TOA measuring andspraying apparatus. Fig. 2

tion with which it is to be charged, for any of the solution that mightpass into the siru'p would be advantageous rather than otherwise, owingto its lighter color, which would lighten that of the sirup andenhanceits market value. Such mixtures of cane-sirup and grape-sugarform a common article of commerce, which commands a greater price thanthe cane-sirup alone.

In refineries in which the mohl system of refining is practiced, theprocess for the production of my new article of commerce may be. carriedon as follows: After the purging ot' the sugar in the molds-has beencompleted, the same is charged with the grape-sugar solution by pouringa proper quantityof the latter upon the surface of the sugar in each ofthe molds, and allowing it to be absorbed into and permeate its mass. r

The ordinary forms of 'hard sugar may be made in the usual manner fromsugar charged, as above described, with a solution of grapesugarthatis,by drying the same in ovens, or

otherwise, to form hard, dry masses of sugar,

and dividing the latter into cut-loaf, crushed,

or powdered sugars, as desired; also, the

pressed cube-sugar may be made from it in the usual manner.

The solution containing grape-sugar, with which the drained sugars arecharged, may be, first, the common white commercial starchsirup, whichis an incrystallizable, or rather a non-granulating, mixture ofgrape-sugar and dextrine, and which would, therefore, not gran-' ulatein the sugar into which it might be charged. It may be, second,.'a solntionof cane-sugar and grape-sugar mixed in such proportions as to forman incrystallizable-mixture. It may be, third, a solution of grapesugarof such a density that when charged into the drained sugar it willdissolve sufiicient of the latter to prevent the grape-sugar fromgranulating-a densityof32 liauim': would answer. Fourth, it may be asolution of any mixtureof grape-sugar with other substances, such thatthe latter will prevent the formbr from granulatingin the charged sugar.

In the drawings 1 have shown apparatus adapted for carrying on myprocess for the manufacture of my new article of commerce.

Inl ligure 1 is shown a centrifugal draining machine, in combinationwith apparatus for measuring and spraying-the washingor charg ingliquidupon the sugar in the machine. Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are views of detailsof the shows a variation of the measuring device shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 1, M is a vertical axial section of an ordinary centrifugalsugar-draining machine charged with sugar.

Tis a tube for delivering the washing or charging liquid upon the faceof the sugar in the machine, supported in a vertical position by thebracket 1), but free to be moved up and down in the same, and extendinginto the intcrior of the basket of the machine to an extent that may bevaried by raising or lowering it in the bracket. The face of the tube Ttoward the periphery of the basketis pierced, as shown in Fig. 6, by alongitudinal slit as long as the basket is deep, and extending from thebottom of the tube upward, so that when the tube is lowered to extendtothe'bottoin of the basket any liquid that may be forced through it willissue from it in athin vertical sheet, and will be evenly distributedover the face of the sugar in the revolving machine.

On the left of Fig. 1 is shown a device for measuring the liquid as itflows under pressure to the delivery-tube T. It consists of a cylinder,S, containing a closely-fitting piston,

whose rod it extends through both heads of the cylinder.

Above the cylinder is a dial, D, having a revolvingpointer, p, which isrevolved by the motion of the piston through the agency of a slottedcross-head attached to-the upper extremity of the piston-rod t, andworking with a slidingjournal attached to the end of a crank on thearbor of the pointer.

Fig. 4 is a view of the back of the dial-plate 1), showing the crank Qon the arbor of the pointer, the sliding journalj, and the slottedcross-head 70, attached to the end of the piston-rod t. The motion ofthe piston audits rod is comparatively slow, and the crank Q is carriedover the dead-centers by the action of the bent leversl 1 upon a pin(shown in dotted lines) projecting from the crank toward the dial-plate.The levers l l are 'piv'oted to the back of the dial-plate, near itscircumference,

one above and one below the centenand on.

opposite sides of the same. They extend between the crank and thedial-plate, and across the vertical line passing through the centerthatis, across the line on which thedead-centors are located. The levers arerespectively pressed'toward the center by the springs s and s,- AsthccrankQ, is revolved by the piston and approaches a' dead-center, thepin on it presses back 'the lever t, or the lever l, as the case may be,until'the crank reaches the dead-.

center, when the reaction of the lever against the pin willcarry it overthe line, so that its motion may be continued by the piston. Thedivisions on the dial all correspond to the same amount of motion of thepiston, and, as will hereinafter appear, to the same amount of liquidpassed through the cylinder.

in order that greater amounts may be registered than can be done by thedial 1), the

latter might have in combination with it and operated by it a series ofdials, by which would be registered multiples of the total amountregistered by the dial 1). A- familiar example of such a combination ofregistering-dials is furnished by the ordinary gas-meter.

Communication is had with the interior of the cylinder S by the pipe Athrough one of its heads, and by the pipe N through the other, the saidpipesconnecting, respectively, with opposite passages of a four-waycock, 0, located below the cylinder. it is shown in transverse sectionin Fig.5. The other two and opposite passages of the cock 0 connect,respectively, with the pipe E, which communicates with the delivery-tubeof themachine M,"and with the pipe L, which leads from the supply of thewashing or charging liquor. While the plug of the cock is in theposition indicated in Fig. 5 the liquor-pipe L will be in communicationwith the upper portion of the cylinder through the pipe A, and the pipeE will be in communication with the lower portion of the cylinderthrough the pipe N, and the liquor entering the cylinder through thepipes L and A will exert its pressure, upon the upper face of the pistonin the cylinder, and any liquor that there may be below the piston willbe forced through the tubes E and l, and the delivery-pipe T upon thecontents 0 the basket, supposing the cock 0 in the delivery'pipe T to beopen. If, after the completion of the downstroke of the piston-thesaidstroke having been etiected by the pressure of the liquor on the uppersurface of the piston, as described-the four-way cock 0 be revolvedone-quarter of a revolution, the liquor-pipe Lwillbe put incommunication with the pipe N, openingiuto the lower portion of thecylinder S, and the pipe E will be put in communication with thepipeA,openinginto the upper portion of the cylinder, and the pressure of theliquor flowing through the pipe L will be exerted against the undersurface of the piston in the said cylinder, and the liquor with whichthe cylinder above the piston is filled will be forced, through thepipes A and E and the delivery-tube T, upon the contents of the basketof the machine M by the upstroke of the piston,due to the pressure ofthe liquor against the under surface of the same. If, on the completionof the upstroke of the piston, the fourway cock 0 be revolved anotherone-quarter of a revolution, the communications between the variouspipes indicated in Fig. 5, and first above set forth, will again exist,the pressure of the liquorfrom the pipe L will again be upon the uppersurface of the piston, and the liquor in the cylinder below the samewill be forced into the basket of the machine M. Thus, if, after thetermination of each single stroke of the piston, the four-way cock G berevolved one-quarter of a revolution, a discharge of liquorcontinuousexcepting just at the changes of the strokes, and capable of being madequite continuous by the interposing an air-chamber at some point betweenthe cylinder S and the delivery-pipe Twill be maintained from thedelivery-tube T as long as the cock 0 in the same is open, and thequantity discharged will be indicated by the motion of the pointer 12over the dial D. In the arrangement shown in 'Fig. 1 this one-quarterrevolution of the four-way cock (J at the end of each single stroke ofthe piston is automatically effected by the means and in the mannerdescribed in the following:

Fitting loosely upon the plug or arbor of the cock 0 is a lever havingtwo 0ppositely-radiatin g arms, z z, and bearin g a click, 0, which lat.

ter works with a ratchet-wheel, r, firmly keyed to the arbor of the cock0, and having but four teeth, which divide its circumference intoquadrants. The arms 2 2 curve, the former up and the latterdown, andextend far enough to the right and to the left, respectively, to beengaged by the lugs dd, projecting from theback ot' the cross-head a aat its extremities, as the said cross-head is moved up and down by thepiston-rod, to whose end it is attached. Each arm is formed in twopartsviz., u z in the case of one, and a z in the case of the other, theformer being joined together by the hingejoint It, and the latter by thehinge-joint h.

The part a of the arm on the right swings upward on the hinge h, and iskept in the closed position, as shown, by gravity, while the part a ofthe arm on the left swings downward, and is kept closed by a suitablespring, as indicated in the drawings by the dotted curved line. Theweight W suspended from the arm 2 tends to move the lever into theposition shown, when moved from the same, as hereinafter described, butthe weight is prevented from revolving it past this position byasuitable stop or check. The operation of this mechanism forautomatically turning the arbor of the four-way cock 0 throughone-quarter of a revolution at the termination of each single stroke ofthe piston is as follows: In the ligure the upstroke is supposed to havebeen completed, the cock 0 to be in the position shown in Fig. 5, andthe downstroke to be about commencing, owing to the pressure of theliquor flowing from the pipe L through the pipe A into the cylinderabove the piston. As the piston moves down the lug cl on the back of thearm a of the cross-head engages the end of the lever z a, carries itwith it, and revolves the lever, which raises the weightWVsuspended'from the other arm of the same. Just before the downstroke is completedthe lever will have been revolved so far that the click 0, which itbears,will engage the next tooth of the ratchetwheel r on the arbor ofthe cock (3, and just as the stroke is completed the lug dot thecross-head will pass free of the arm 2 a of the lever, and the latterwill be revolved back into its original position by the weightW,carrying with it the arbor of the cock O through onequarter of arevolution, thus, as previously described, chunging the communicationsbetween the various pipes through the four-way cock 0, putting the pipeL into communication with the pipe N, and the pipe E with the pipe A,

open. During the upstroke the lug d of the cross-head bears against theunder side of the arm z a of the lever on the arbor of the cock (3, andrevolves the said lever in the same direction as in the case of thedownstroke, as above described. Shortly before the upstroke of thepiston is terminated the click 0 will engage the next tooth of theratchet-wheel r, and just as the stroke is ending the lug d of thecross-head will pass clear of the end of the lever, and the latter willagain be revolved into its normal position by the weight W, and thearbor of the cock 0 will be revolved another one-quarter of arevolution, again making the connections between the various pipes, asindicated in Fig. 5, in virtue of which the piston will again begin itsdownward stroke, and will force the liquor in the cylinder beneath it(the said piston) through the delivery-tube into the basket of themachine so long as the cock 0 in the tube is open.

The hinged division of the arms of the lever into two parts each permitsthe arm 2 u on the left to pass the lug d of the cross-head during thedownstroke of the piston, and the arm z u on the right to pass the lug dduring the upstroke of the same. The same purpose would be served werethe arms of the lever formed each in one piece and the lugs d and dhinged to the cross-head. The weight W also might be replaced by asuitable spring, tending to keep the lever always in the position shown.Thus it appears that as long as the cock 0 of the delivery-tube T isopen and the pressure or head of the liquor in the pipe L is maintainedthere will. be a continuous flow of liquor from the delivery-tube,excepting during the instants at which the changing of the strokesoccur, and that the quantity of it discharged through the tube into thebasket of the machine will be accurately indicated by the dial D andpointer 19.

The liquor-pipe L may have a communication through the cock 0 eitherwith the pipe L, leading 'to the lquor-supply, or with the hot-water orsteam conducting pipe H,.the lat--.

ter connection being to afford means of washing out the apparatus withhot water or steam, as the case may be.

On the side of the cylinder Sis a small cock, opening into the interiorof the cylinder, just above the piston, when the latter is at the end ofits downstroke, and by which the cylinder may be emptied of its contentswhile the piston is in that position.

The cock (3 is operated or turned by the weight of the mass W, and thetimes at which it is turned are determined by the movements of thepiston-that is to say, the weight W is lifted, and is allowed to falland turn the cock at certain times determined by the piston; and it isthe. principle of the operation of this liquidmeter that at the end ofeach stroke the piston, acting through proper mechanism, effects achange of communication of the liquor-pipe L, and also of thedischarge-pipe E with the cylinder, from one side of the piston to theother, the said two pipes always communicating with the cylinder onopposite sides of the piston.

The mechanism through which the pistonacts may be easily varied fromthat shown in the drawings, and hereinbefore described, and as anexample of such a variation I will point out the following-describedmechanism, which is applicable when steam is convenient and the meterlarge. In this arrangement the four-way cock 0 is operated by a smallsteam-cylinder and piston, whose piston-rod connects with a lever ofsuch length, attached to the arbor of the cock, that a stroke of thesaid steam-piston will turn the arbor of the cock through onequarter ofa revolution, and change the cornmunications between the four ways ofthe cock, as hereinbefore described.

The valves of the steam-cylinder are worked by the piston of the meter,and in such a manner that at the end of each stroke of the latter thesteam-piston will make a stroke, and revolve the arbor of the tour-waycock through one-quarter of a revolution in one direction or the other,as the case may be, the effect being that the same changes ofcommunication are madeby the cock 0 and at the same times as in thearrangement shown in the drawings.

In Fig. 2 is illustrated the measuring device arranged, as regards thepassage of the pistonrod through the heads of the cylinder, so thatanyleakage at those points is made impossible. This is done by havingthe piston-rod projecting through thelower head of the cylinder move ina tube, V, projecting from the bottom of the cylinder, and closed at itslower extremity, and, in a similar manner, having the piston-rodprojecting through the top of the cylinder also move in a tube, Gr,closed at its upper extremity. The lattertube, G,is made of glass,through which the movement of the piston-rod may be noted.

The quantity of liquid passing through the meter is indicated by themotion of the top of the piston-rod with reference to the divisions ofthe scale J, placed beside the glass tube G. In this arrangement of themeasuring apparatusviz., that shown in Fig. 2the fourway cock isoperated by hand.

Any leakage around the piston from one side of the same to the other,which, should it occur, would vitiate the accuracyof the record on dialof theamoun t of liquid passing through the meter, may be entirelyprevented by having the cylinder S lined with or contain a sleeve madeof rubber, prepared cloth, or other suitable pliable iutegument, the twoextremities of which have their edges attached liquid-tight to the wallsof the cylinder at its two ends,

respectively, while at the middle the sleeve is bound liquid tight tothe circumference of the piston, the latter thus dividing the sleeveinto two equal sections contained in the cylinder on opposite sides ofthe piston. The sleeve is sufficiently long, or is made of sufficientlyelastic material, so that either section of it may be extended to thelength of the stroke of the piston, and so,while the sleeve willeffectually prevent any flow of liquid from one side of the piston tothe other around the same, it will not interfere with the piston andapparatus working in a manner and for the purpose hereinbeforeindicated.

Thus, having described the apparatus for carrying on my process for-themanufacture of my new article of commerce, I will now describe itsoperation. I i

A charge of the sugar-magma is run into the machine, the delivery-tube Thaving been first raised in its support, and the machineis started.Owing to the centrifugal force due to the revolution of the machine, thesugar-magma flows up onto the walls of. the basket, after which thedelivery-tube T may be again lowered to. the position shown in thedrawings, preparatory to spraying the charging-liquor upon the sugar inthe revolving machine. The charge of sugar in the machine having beendrained as dry as is practicable, the cock 0 in the delivery-tube isopened and a quantity of the grapesugar solution is thrown onto thesugar in the revolving machine, sufficient to impart to the sugar thedesired degreeof moisture. This having been done, the machine is stoppedand the product removed, mixed, and barreled.

In thecase of light-colored sugars, the foregoing would be the mode ofprocedure; but

in the case of low dark sugars I prefer to first wash the sugars in themachine with a suitable washing-liquor to remove most of the coloredmagma-sirup therefrom; and then, after the washing-liquor has beenthoroughly drained from the sugar, leaving it comparatively white anddry, to charge the drained sugar with the solution of grape-sugar.

The washing-liquor used in the case of the low dark sugars may besprayed upon the sugar by the delivery-pipe T, by having the latter havea connection with a supply of the washing-liquor, as well as with thegrape-sugar-solution supply, and arranged with suitable cocks, so thatit may be put in communication with either; or the machine may beequipped with two delivery-tubes, one for the washing-liquor and theother for the charging-liquid.

I am aware that it is common to mix cornsirup with cane-sirup for thepurpose of forming sirups of a light color, and of a fine generalappearance, and also that it has at least been proposed to mixcane-sugar with corn-sirup or starch-sirup; but I am not aware that dry,or comparatively dry,refined canesugar has ever been charged withstarch-sirup or with a solution of glucose in the proportions indicatedin this specification-viz.,in such proportions that the product willpossess about the same degree of softness or moisture as the ordinarysoi't sugars of commerce.

Thus, having described my process for producing my new article ofmanufacture and ap paratus for carrying on the same, I claim as mine anddesire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States- 1. Thewithin-described process for producing a soft refinedsugar containing aproportion of grape-sugar in solution, consisting in firstmore or lesscompletely draining the sugarmagmas, as they come from theevaporatingpans in aretinery, of their contained sirups, and in thencharging the resulting drained sugars with a quantity of a solutioncontaining grapesugar sufficient to impart to the sugars the desireddegree of moistness, substantially as specified.

2. The within-described process for producing a soft refined sugarcontaining a proportion of grape-sugar in solution, consisting, first,in draining, in suitable apparatus, the sugarmagmas, as they come fromthe evaporatingpans in a refinery, of most of their contained sirups;second,in washing the drained sugars with a suitable washing-liquor toremove from the same the green sirup still remaining in them, and indraining more or less completely from them, also, the washing-liquor;and,

third, in charging the drained and washed o sugars with the desiredamount of a solution containing grapesu gar, substantially as specified.

3. In a delivery-tube projecting into theinterior of the basket of acentrifugal draining 5 machine, and serving to distribute a washingorother liquid over the contents in the revolving basket, a finelongitudinal slit, as a substitute for the usual perforations for permitting the flow of the liquid from the deliverytube upon the contents ofthe basket, substan- V tially as specified.

4.. The combination, with the delivery-tube projecting into the basketof a centrifugal draining-machine, and designed for spraying a liquidover the contents of the same, of an apparatus for automaticallymeasuring and re cording the quantity of the liquid used as it flowsfrom its source of supply to the deliverytube, substantially asspecified.

5. In a piston liquid-meter, the combination; with the piston and withthe induction and eduction pipes of the meter, of the cross-head a a,the four-way cock 0, and the lever on the arbor of the cock, having thetwo radiating bent and hinged arms 2 a and z a, constructed asdescribed, and held in its normal position by the'weight W, or itsequivalent, the combination operating at the termination of each strokeof the piston to automatically change the communication of theeductionpipe, and of the induction-pipe with the cylinder, of the meter,from one side of the piston to the other, substantially as specified.

S. MORRIS LILL'IE. Witnesses:

T. S. McGINLEY, W. W. DOUGHERTY.

